Cancer of the endometrium, also known as endometrial cancer or uterine cancer, is a malignant disease that originates in the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus and is shed monthly during menstruation if pregnancy does not occur.
This type of cancer typically affects postmenopausal women; however, it can also occur in women who are still in their reproductive years. It is considered the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries.
Endometrial cancer arises when the cells in the endometrium undergo abnormal changes, characterized by uncontrolled growth and division. Common risk factors associated with this cancer include obesity, hormonal imbalances (such as estrogen dominance), use of hormone replacement therapy, a history of not having children, and certain genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome.
Symptoms of endometrial cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause, irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding in premenopausal women, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, or a watery or blood-tinged discharge.
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, so a diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination, imaging tests like ultrasound, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options for endometrial cancer may include surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these approaches. The choice of treatment is based on various factors, including the stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Regular follow-up exams after treatment are important to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
