Acute phase reactants refer to a group of proteins that are synthesized in response to inflammation or tissue injury in the body. These proteins play a crucial role in the immediate immune response, helping to identify and neutralize potential pathogens, as well as initiating tissue repair processes.
During the acute phase of an infection or injury, the body undergoes various physiological changes, including changes in the levels of certain proteins in the blood. Acute phase reactants are classified into two categories: positive, which increase in concentration during inflammation, and negative, which decrease in concentration. These reactants are primarily produced by the liver, with some also synthesized by other tissues.
Examples of positive acute phase reactants include C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen. These proteins increase rapidly in response to inflammation or infection, and their levels can serve as markers to assess the severity and progress of the condition. Negative acute phase reactants, such as albumin and transferrin, decrease in response to inflammation, as their synthesis may be altered or suppressed.
The measurement of acute phase reactants in the blood, known as acute-phase reactant testing, can assist in diagnosing and monitoring various inflammatory or infectious diseases. By analyzing changes in reactant levels, healthcare professionals can evaluate the body's response to an injury or infection, assess treatment effectiveness, and guide clinical decision-making.
In summary, acute phase reactants are a group of proteins produced by the body in response to inflammation or tissue injury. They play a vital role in the immune response and can be measured to provide valuable information about the status of various diseases.
