TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST Meaning and
Definition
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The tuberculin skin test, also known as the Mantoux test or purified protein derivative (PPD) test, is a diagnostic screening tool used to detect exposure to tuberculosis (TB) infection. This method involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin, a protein derivative derived from the bacteria that causes TB, just below the surface of the skin. After 48-72 hours, the healthcare provider assesses the site of injection for any reaction or raised area.
Interpreting the tuberculin skin test results involves measuring the size of the raised bump or induration at the injection site. A larger induration typically suggests a positive reaction, indicating exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium or TB infection. However, a positive reaction alone does not confirm an active TB disease; it merely indicates an immune response to the bacteria or previous exposure. Further diagnostic tests, such as chest X-rays or sputum analysis, are necessary to confirm an active infection.
The tuberculin skin test is widely used around the world as a screening method, particularly in high-risk populations, such as healthcare workers, people with compromised immune systems, and individuals in close contact with TB patients. It helps identify individuals who may benefit from preventive treatment or those who may require further testing. It also enables public health agencies to track the spread of tuberculosis within communities and implement appropriate control measures.
Overall, the tuberculin skin test plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, assisting in identifying and preventing the transmission of this infectious disease.
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