SELECTION BIASES Meaning and
Definition
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Selection biases refer to potential errors or distortions that can occur during the process of selecting samples or participants for a study or survey, leading to a deviation from the intended or desired representation of a population. It can result in a sample that is not truly representative or may have a skewed or unbalanced composition.
Typically, selection biases emerge when the method of selecting individuals or groups deviates from a random or unbiased procedure. This can introduce systematic differences between the selected sample and the general population, impacting the validity and generalizability of the study's findings.
Selection biases can take various forms, such as self-selection bias, where individuals voluntarily choose to participate in a study, potentially leading to a non-representative sample. Another type is sampling bias, which arises when certain segments or subgroups of a population are overrepresented or underrepresented due to flaws in the sampling procedure. Additionally, survivorship bias occurs when only a specific group or those who have survived a particular event are included, leading to an inaccurate reflection of the larger population.
Selection biases can significantly impact the reliability and validity of research findings, as they may limit the ability to generalize study results to the broader population. Researchers must be aware of these biases and take appropriate measures to minimize their impact when selecting participants or samples, in order to ensure the accuracy and credibility of their findings.
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Etymology of SELECTION BIASES
The term "selection biases" is a combination of two words: "selection" and "biases".
- "Selection" refers to the process of choosing or picking from a group of options. It comes from the Latin word "selectus", the past participle of "seligere", which means "to choose" or "to pick out".
- "Biases" refers to predispositions or inclinations towards certain ideas, actions, or opinions. The word traces back to the French word "biais", meaning "oblique" or "sideways".
When combined, "selection biases" refer to the systematic errors or deviations that occur in the process of selecting or choosing, leading to a non-random sample that may not accurately represent the whole population.
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