Ritter disease, also known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), is a rare but serious bacterial infection that affects the skin. It produces widespread peeling and blistering of the skin, resembling a severe burn. This condition primarily affects infants, young children, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
Ritter disease is caused by certain strains of the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium, commonly found on the skin and in the respiratory tract or nasal passages. The exfoliative toxins released by these bacteria cause the skin to become red, inflamed, and sensitive. The toxins damage the connection between the upper and lower layers of the skin, resulting in blistering and peeling.
Symptoms of Ritter disease typically begin with a fever, irritability, and a localized rash, which then spreads rapidly throughout the body. The affected skin appears flushed, with areas of redness and tenderness. Blisters or bullae may form, often easily rupturing, leaving raw and weeping skin. The peeling usually starts from the face and progresses down to other parts of the body.
Prompt medical attention is essential, as Ritter disease can lead to serious complications such as dehydration, secondary infections, and sepsis. Treatment typically involves hospitalization, administration of intravenous antibiotics to combat the bacterial infection, and supportive care to manage pain and prevent dehydration.
Strict infection control measures, including proper hand hygiene and isolation precautions, are important to prevent the spread of Ritter disease within healthcare settings. Vaccination against Staphylococcus aureus may also help reduce the risk of this condition.
