The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system that works in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system, aiming to maintain and restore the body to a state of rest and relaxation. It is responsible for controlling various bodily functions during periods of calmness, rest, and recovery.
The parasympathetic nervous system activates in response to relaxation, low-stress situations, and an absence of threat or danger. It is often referred to as the "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" system due to its role in promoting digestion, nutrient absorption, elimination, and sexual arousal. It primarily works through the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that ensures the transmission of nerve impulses, regulating bodily processes.
Key physiological functions regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system include decreasing heart rate, constricting the pupils, stimulating salivation and tear production, promoting digestion, contracting bladder muscles, and enhancing blood flow to sexual organs. It also assists in promoting homeostasis by reducing blood pressure, conserving energy, and enhancing tissue repair.
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system aids in restoring balance after moments of stress or arousal. It enables the body to enter a state of relaxation, allowing for restful sleep, repair processes, and overall rejuvenation. The parasympathetic nervous system, along with the sympathetic nervous system, forms a complex network that efficiently maintains the physiological equilibrium essential for optimal functioning and wellbeing.
