Menisci (singular: meniscus) refer to the small, crescent-shaped cartilages that are present in certain joints of the body, particularly the knee joint. They are made up of fibrocartilage and are positioned between the articulating bones to help facilitate smooth movement and provide stability within the joint.
The primary function of the menisci is to act as shock absorbers, aiding in distributing the load evenly across the joint during weight-bearing activities. They also play a crucial role in enhancing the congruency of the joint surfaces, thus promoting proper alignment and reducing friction.
In the knee joint specifically, there are two menisci: the medial meniscus located on the inner side, and the lateral meniscus on the outer side. These crescent-shaped structures are wedged between the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) and participate in load transmission, lubrication, and joint stability. The menisci also assist in joint nutrition and help with proprioception, allowing individuals to have a sense of where their knee joint is in space.
Meniscal injuries, such as tears or degeneration, can lead to symptoms like pain, swelling, or joint locking. These injuries are commonly treated through conservative methods such as rest, physical therapy, or in severe cases, surgical intervention like meniscectomy (partial or complete removal of the meniscus) or meniscus repair/reconstruction.
Overall, menisci are crucial structures within the joints, particularly the knee joint, providing mechanical support, shock absorption, load distribution, joint surface congruency, and stability, ultimately facilitating pain-free movement and optimal joint function.
