Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) is a coenzyme involved in various biochemical processes within living organisms. FAD belongs to the flavin group of compounds, which are derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2). It is an important molecule in energy metabolism and acts as an electron carrier during oxidative reactions.
FAD consists of two nucleotide units: adenine, which is a nitrogenous base derived from adenylate, and riboflavin monophosphate, a flavin molecule derived from riboflavin. These two units are connected by a pyrophosphate linkage.
In the cell, FAD functions as a redox cofactor, meaning it accepts or donates electrons during chemical reactions. It has the ability to mediate oxidation-reduction reactions, acting as an electron acceptor/donor. FAD plays a crucial role in the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, where it aids in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of cells.
Additionally, FAD is involved in various enzymatic reactions, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It participates as a cofactor in different enzyme classes, including oxidoreductases and dehydrogenases, to facilitate the transfer of electrons and protons.
Overall, FAD is an essential molecule in cellular energy production and regulation. Its participation in redox reactions enables the transfer of energy within cells necessary for sustaining various physiological processes.
