Drug-induced akathisia refers to a movement disorder characterized by an intense, inner restlessness and an irresistible urge to move. It is caused by the use of certain medications, particularly neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs, but can also be triggered by other medications such as antidepressants, anti-emetics, and anti-Parkinson's drugs.
Akathisia manifests as an unbearable sensation of discomfort or distress, prompting individuals to engage in constant movement or pacing in order to alleviate the restlessness. This condition can be distressing, interfering with a person's ability to sit still, concentrate, and relax. It may lead to severe agitation, irritability, and a sense of anxiety or panic.
The exact mechanisms underlying drug-induced akathisia are not fully understood, but it is believed to result from the disruption of dopamine neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Dopamine plays a crucial role in coordinating movement and regulating emotions, therefore any disturbance in its balance can lead to motor and emotional dysregulation.
Managing drug-induced akathisia typically involves adjusting or discontinuing the medication responsible for its onset. Additionally, specific medications called beta-blockers and benzodiazepines may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms. Psychotherapy or counseling may also provide support in coping with the distress caused by akathisia.
It is important to differentiate drug-induced akathisia from other medical conditions that may present with similar symptoms, such as restless legs syndrome, anxiety disorders, or hyperthyroidism. Seeking medical advice from a healthcare professional is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
