Central facial paralysis, also known as central facial palsy or central facial weakness, refers to a medical condition characterized by the partial or complete loss of voluntary movement on one side of the face due to damage or dysfunction of the facial nerve within the central nervous system. It is distinct from peripheral facial paralysis, which arises from damage to the facial nerve outside the brain.
Central facial paralysis occurs when there is disruption to the upper motor neurons of the facial nerve within the brain, specifically the corticobulbar tract or the facial motor nucleus. This can result from various underlying causes, including strokes, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, or traumatic brain injuries. The condition typically affects only one side of the face, leading to asymmetrical and often asymmetrically impaired facial expressions.
The main characteristic of central facial paralysis is weakness or paralysis of the muscles responsible for facial movements on the affected side. This can lead to difficulties in facial expressions, such as smiling, blinking, raising the eyebrows, or closing the eye fully. Additionally, individuals may experience challenges in speaking, eating, and drinking due to insufficient control over the facial muscles involved in these actions.
Treatment for central facial paralysis depends on the underlying cause and may involve addressing the primary condition, physical therapy, medications to manage symptoms, or in some cases, surgical intervention. Rehabilitation techniques targeting facial muscles, such as exercises and massage, aim to improve muscle strength, control, and coordination, promoting better facial function and expression. Occupational therapy can also provide support and training to manage functional difficulties resulting from the condition.
