Acute infectious jaundice, also known as hepatitis A, is a contagious viral infection that affects the liver, leading to the development of jaundice. It is typically caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route due to improper hand hygiene or the consumption of contaminated food and water.
The term "acute" in acute infectious jaundice refers to the sudden onset of symptoms and the relatively short duration of the infection. The virus mainly targets liver cells, resulting in inflammation and disruption of the organ's normal functioning. This leads to the characteristic symptoms associated with the condition, which include yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dark urine.
In most cases, acute infectious jaundice is self-limiting and does not cause long-term liver damage. However, some individuals, especially those with pre-existing liver conditions or weakened immune systems, may experience severe complications. These complications can include liver failure, cholestasis (impaired bile flow), and prolonged symptoms.
The best measure to prevent acute infectious jaundice is vaccination, which provides long-term immunity against the hepatitis A virus. Additionally, practicing good personal hygiene, such as handwashing with soap and water, and avoiding consumption of contaminated food and water sources can greatly reduce the risk of infection. Immediate medical attention is recommended for suspected cases of acute infectious jaundice to confirm the diagnosis, monitor progression, and provide supportive care.
